How break-even is calculated
Break-even is the point where total revenue equals total costs — you’ve covered everything but haven’t yet made a profit. The key figure is the contribution margin: what’s left from each sale after paying its direct (variable) costs. That leftover chips away at fixed costs.
Worked example. You have $1,000 in fixed costs (tools, software, setup). Each unit sells for $25 and costs $5 in materials, leaving a $20 margin per sale. Break-even is 50 units, bringing in $1,250 of revenue. Every unit sold after that is pure profit.
Fixed vs variable costs
Fixed costs stay the same regardless of sales volume — rent, subscriptions, equipment you’ve already bought. Variable costs scale with each unit — materials, shipping, per-unit fees. Keep them separate: only fixed costs factor into the break-even unit count.
When to revisit your numbers
If your margin is thin, even a small increase in variable costs (a supplier price rise, higher shipping) can push your break-even point up significantly. Re-run the calculator whenever your costs change.